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-   -   2.4T to 2.4E or 2.4S "spec". Advice needed. (http://forums.pelicanparts.com/porsche-911-technical-forum/387504-2-4t-2-4e-2-4s-spec-advice-needed.html)

M491Cabriolet 01-15-2008 08:12 AM

2.4T to 2.4E or 2.4S "spec". Advice needed.
 
Hello all. I am gathering parts and information before I begin the process of having my 911T 2.4 engine rebuilt. The car is a 1972 T, FYI I have some questions and hope the experts will be able to answer some or all of them and advise me if I'm on the right track. This is a car that will be driven of the street most of the time, and may be tracked at times, but rarely if ever. Here is some background and a bunch of questions. I'm beginning to become overwhelmed by all the variables and want to avoid making any costly mistakes.

1) The engine is currently stock now except for the Weber 40IDAs installed.

2) I may want to eventually reinstall the MFI (way down the road)

3) I plan to install a set of new 2.2 S Mahle 84P8 pistons and Mahle Nikasil cylinders.

4) I have a set of OEM RS camshafts with MFI drive and a set of E profile camshafts with MFI drive. Regarding the cams, I know the S cams are empty below 5000 RPMs, and the E cams are more "well-rounded". Would the E cams be preferable, or would the S cams in combination with the 2.2 pistons and 2.4 displacement make them more usable? I wonder where the torque would kick in on the S cams and E cams... Which cams should I have put in?

5) I have an RS distributor that I plan to install.

6) Regarding the heads, would I have to enlarge the ports from the stock 32mm? Should both intake and exhaust ports be the same size? What would be the optimal ports sizes for this setup? Is there any negative effect on power and/mileage in making the ports "too big" (36mm?)?

7) What is a reasonable price for a set of new Mahle pistons and cylinders, and how much can I realistically expect to spend (and should I budget)?

8) Will I have to make any changes to the piston rods and valve springs to support the extra revving and compression? If so, which rods and springs are suggested?

9) With this setup, E or S cams, how should my carbs be set up (jetting, etc.)?

10) Will the compression ratio with the 2.2 S pistons and E or S cams be too high for everyday use on normal pump gasoline? Will it be too high for the normal T starter?

11) Does this planned engine generally good? Could it be improved in terms of the equilibrium of power/usability/fun?

I know that's a whole load of questions. I hope I don't get a lot of questions instead of answers in response because I am beginning to get a headache over all the questions I already have and have no clear answers to! Thanks very much in advance for all of your help.

daepp 01-15-2008 08:35 AM

Well, I don;t have a lot of answers, but I do have a little experience/observations for you.

I had a 2.4T rebuilt with 2.2T P&C's. I never drove it before the rebuild. It ran well and had adequate power - from what I understand it was a fair HP gain, and the CR did not prove to be a problem with pump gas. Due to excessive smoke (possible due to a ring problem) I had to have the engine torn down.

Supertec used my stock case andbuilt me a 2.4 with E cams, JE pistons and used S cylinders. The power jump was awesome and it is very driveable. IIRC the CR is 9.5:1 and I run premium gas (91 in CA). I am careful not to lug it as it is not twin-plugged, but this has nto been a problem over the last 2 years. It's an early Targa so I do not track it - just spirited around town and highway driving.

While I recognize that the 2.2 route is a popular one, for me, spending just a few more dollars and accepting Henry's assertions about the quality of the used Mahle buckets, produced a much more enjoyable engine. IMHO of course.

M491Cabriolet 01-15-2008 08:51 AM

Thanks David. You say a couple of things I don't know about. First, what is IIRC? Second, you said

"While I recognize that the 2.2 route is a popular one, for me, spending just a few more dollars and accepting Henry's assertions about the quality of the used Mahle buckets, produced a much more enjoyable engine. IMHO of course."

When you say "buckets", I guess you're talking about cylinders, right? Where do I find Henry's assertions in regard?

Thanks again. I hope someone will help me out with answers and more advice on my load of questions!

daepp 01-15-2008 08:57 AM

Sorry.

IIRC - if I remember correctly

Henry and I discussed new QSC cylinders (buckets) vs. new Mahle vs. used. We had a problem with the QSC's (even though they were new), I didn;t have the dough for new Mahle's (possibly 6-8K) so we went with a good set of used S Mahle's that Henry had. He has done so much rebuilding of the early engines that I trusted him implicitly with respect to the quality of the used sets he has.

Hope that helps.

kucharskimb 01-15-2008 09:23 AM

http://forums.pelicanparts.com/porsche-911-technical-forum/317458-weber-tuning-lm-1-dyno-database-information-troubleshooting-graphs.html?highlight=graphs

http://forums.pelicanparts.com/porsche-911-technical-forum/178647-2-2-e-stroker-hp-output.html?highlight=graphs

I'm happy to give you any additional information. I know that this is a 2.4E with about 9.6:1 compression ratio, and your 2.4 pistons wouldn't be this high, but you can use it as a reference. i use a stock starter, stock springs, etc.

from the LM-1 data, i have since switched to F3 emulsion tubes with 55 and 130 jetting.

the heads flow enough volume to make close to 200hp with 32mm ports. we put the heads on a flow bench when i was trying to make the decision whether or not to enlarge port sizes. if you enlarge the ports, your bottom end will drop off. 36mm combined with the S cams is why the S motor makes more power up top... if you want it for the street/AX, then stick with the E cams and 32mm ports.

M491Cabriolet 01-15-2008 10:02 AM

Thanks. Well, I would be using new 2.2S pistons and cylinders, not 2.4, which I think would raise my compression. In fact, one of my worries is that the compression ration with thes pistons with the longer stroke would be so high I might not be able to run the engine on normal 91 octane or 93 octane pump gas. I actually have heard that it might be beneficial to increase the intake port size to 35 or 36mm and leave the exhaust port size at 32mm. What do you think of that?

How much do you think a new set of Mahle 2.2S 84P8 pistons in new Mahle cylinders will run me?

Thanks!

Bobboloo 01-15-2008 10:38 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by M491Cabriolet (Post 3705883)
Thanks. Well, I would be using new 2.2S pistons and cylinders, not 2.4, which I think would raise my compression. In fact, one of my worries is that the compression ration with thes pistons with the longer stroke would be so high I might not be able to run the engine on normal 91 octane or 93 octane pump gas. I actually have heard that it might be beneficial to increase the intake port size to 35 or 36mm and leave the exhaust port size at 32mm. What do you think of that?

How much do you think a new set of Mahle 2.2S 84P8 pistons in new Mahle cylinders will run me?

Thanks!

A new set is about $3500.

If you go with E cams then 32mm ports would be ideal. If you go with the S cam then 36mm would be ideal.

Since your motor was originally an MFI T then your intake ports are actually 29mm. Porting would be helpful with either the E or S cam. Probably not necessary with the E cam but that would leave a little peak power on the table.

The E cam is really more ideal for your application but the S cam would be a hoot when you rev it past 5.5K. For your application it would be more of a fun feature rather than part of the usual driving experience. Not saying you shouldn't do it. Just trying to put things in perspective.

Another option would be a mod-S cam or a mod-Solex.

Here's a chart to give you an idea of the torque curves of the T,E and S cams. The RS is an S cam by the way.
http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1200422289.jpg

kucharskimb 01-15-2008 10:50 AM

i was told that stroking the 2.2 to 2.4 rods would increase the compression ratio by about .5, ie a 9.1:1 2.2E would go to 9.6:1., etc. I ran this combo for years in San Diego on 91 Octane.

Here are the numbers for a 2.2E head pulled on a flow bench. A very rudimentary but simple equation is: Airflow at 28 inches water x .257 X the number of cylinders = horsepower potential from airflow.

For this head, the intake at .450" of lift, the CFM is 207.5.

In the equation, this is 207.5*.257*6 = 320HP

for the exhaust, it is 153.4*.257*6 = 236HP

this is theoretical and does not include losses from your intake or exhaust. but either way, it should show you that the 32mm head is not the limiting factor.

it is commonly accepted that exhaust flow can be in the neighborhood of 75% of intake flow, much as you have stated above with porting the exhaust to 36mm and leaving the exhaust at 32. but look at the numbers on the chart, you are already at the 75% ratio...

if you ported the heads, would you then move to bigger venturies and manifolds or a bigger MFI system? doing one without the other is futile. the most important thing is how you want to use the car/engine, ie low/mid range power or mid/high end power...

http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1200422591.jpg

M491Cabriolet 01-15-2008 11:52 AM

Thanks. OK, so let me get this right... If the stock 2.4 T's compression is 8.5 or lower, then the maximum compression ratio using 2.2S pistons and cylinders should be no higher than 9.0, which should be OK with normal pump gas. Is this correct? Thanks.

BK911 01-15-2008 12:20 PM

2.4 crank and rods with:
2.4T pistons 7.5:1
2.4E pistons 8.0:1
2.4S pistons 8.5:1
2.2T pistons 8.6:1
2.2E pistons 9.1:1
2.2S pistons 9.6:1

Actual results may vary slightly.

A high compression 2.4E engine is an awesome engine. Several members have a similar engine. I had one in several early cars and was my alltime favorite.

M491Cabriolet 01-15-2008 12:24 PM

Thanks for that. So, from what you say, the 2.4 engine with E cams and 2.2S pistons is the best way to go. But you also got me wondering... Would this engine with E cams and 2.4S pistons be interesting? Keep in mind, I want a hot engine, but most driving is very "spirited" around town. A set of 2.4S pistons would probably be much cheaper I think. Any feedback re would be greatly appreciated.

BK911 01-15-2008 12:34 PM

I had a bone stock 2.4E with MFI. I added 2.4S pistons for the slight increase in CR. That was the best engine I ever had. In fact, I still regret replacing it with a 3.0. It pulled like stink from idle to redline and sounded awesome the entire way.

2.2T pistons will give a very slight bump in CR over the 2.4S pistons and can be found MUCH cheaper. But they are also a bit heavier.

dafischer 01-15-2008 01:14 PM

Another possibility to save some $$ and still have a nice runner is to do what I did with my 2.4E. It was torn down for a top end job, and was found to need new pistons due to ring lands being out of spec. The guy (Fred Apgar) that did the engine for me recommended boring the cylinders out to 85mm, and going with 9.5:1 JE pistons.

The pistons and boring cost a little over $1,000, and I have to say the results are fantastic. It pulls like a freight train off idle to redline, and sounds marvelous. The downside? I had to switch to premium gas. Oh well, it costs $$ to go fast.

Oh, by the way, I'm running MFI.

Just something else to consider.

kucharskimb 01-15-2008 01:14 PM

you want a hot engine.
you want to use E85 octane.
you want it for free.

pick one. ;)

as with life, everything is a compromise. we all seem to agree that a compression ratio of about 9-9.5:1 and E cams is the way to go. now go do it.

FYI, the HP graphs I linked to in the above post were at the wheels. that's damn near 200hp at the crank assuming 15% losses. that's more than the 2.4S made. what more do you want?

i guess the big decision is with your 2.4T heads, which pistons will give you 9-9.5:1. double check the numbers above and go for it.

M491Cabriolet 01-15-2008 02:25 PM

'Zat right? Who's we? :p

Of course I want the best of all worlds. I like the idea of a higher compression ratio, but there is one person who said the 2.2S pistons on the 2.4T crank would give a compression ratio of 10.something, and not work with pump gas. So I'm a bit confused by this rocket science. That's why I asked about the 2.4 S pistons. Does anyone know if this is a good idea? Thanks.

barney911rs 01-15-2008 03:24 PM

Quote:

1) The engine is currently stock now except for the Weber 40IDAs installed.
2) I may want to eventually reinstall the MFI (way down the road)
The Webers should be fine, unless you want to put the MFI back on for originality.

Quote:

3) I plan to install a set of new 2.2 S Mahle 84P8 pistons and Mahle Nikasil cylinders.
Before I made a 2.7 out of my 2.4, these are the P&C's I had, it only raises the compression about a half point is what I recall from Bruce Anderson's book. Good upgrade for a 2.4 motor.

Quote:

4) I have a set of OEM RS camshafts with MFI drive and a set of E profile camshafts with MFI drive. Regarding the cams, I know the S cams are empty below 5000 RPMs, and the E cams are more "well-rounded". Would the E cams be preferable, or would the S cams in combination with the 2.2 pistons and 2.4 displacement make them more usable? I wonder where the torque would kick in on the S cams and E cams... Which cams should I have put in?
For a street car, I would use the E cams. I had S cams, but my car was mostly for track use. The few times it was driven around town, it was happy up in the revs 4000 and up. It was somewhat sluggish in traffic.


Quote:

5) I have an RS distributor that I plan to install.
Not sure, but you should be able to simply re-curve the distributer you have to work just fine.

Quote:

6) Regarding the heads, would I have to enlarge the ports from the stock 32mm? Should both intake and exhaust ports be the same size? What would be the optimal ports sizes for this setup? Is there any negative effect on power and/mileage in making the ports "too big" (36mm?)?
Don't have any specs handy, but I would not go any larger then what the stock E heads used. The motor I have now suffers because the ports are too big. You need compression and RPM to really make use of the larger ports.

Quote:

7) What is a reasonable price for a set of new Mahle pistons and cylinders, and how much can I realistically expect to spend (and should I budget)?
no clue, have not checked pricing in a long time. You can check with LN Engineering unless you have another source already.

Quote:

8) Will I have to make any changes to the piston rods and valve springs to support the extra revving and compression? If so, which rods and springs are suggested?
I'm still using stock rods, valve springs etc. I have my rev limiter at 7200. There should not be any need to go higher then that on a street car. If you want 8000, you will need better rods, rod bolts, etc.

Quote:

9) With this setup, E or S cams, how should my carbs be set up (jetting, etc.)?
The fine tuning will have to take into account, the elevation, typical temps ranges. Someone else should have more info on this.

Quote:

10) Will the compression ratio with the 2.2 S pistons and E or S cams be too high for everyday use on normal pump gasoline? Will it be too high for the normal T starter?
You should use the highest regular octane available on your area. I don't think there is any difference in the starters so that should be fine.
Quote:

11) Does this planned engine generally good? Could it be improved in terms of the equilibrium of power/usability/fun?
It can always be better, it just depends on how much you want to spend on it and how long you want it to last. For a street car you don't need every last bit of HP you can wring out of it. It;s better to have something that will run trouble free for years. You may want to post this in the engine building forum as well.

911pcars 01-15-2008 04:11 PM

Displacement. There is no substitute ..... unless it's force fed with air.

Sherwood

kucharskimb 01-15-2008 08:25 PM

http://www.supertecperformance.com/

call henry at supertec and he will give you the scoop about the correct pistons to use. report back so's the rest of us can get it straight.

jluetjen 01-16-2008 09:31 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by kucharskimb (Post 3705989)
i was told that stroking the 2.2 to 2.4 rods would increase the compression ratio by about .5, ie a 9.1:1 2.2E would go to 9.6:1., etc. I ran this combo for years in San Diego on 91 Octane.

Here are the numbers for a 2.2E head pulled on a flow bench. A very rudimentary but simple equation is: Airflow at 28 inches water x .257 X the number of cylinders = horsepower potential from airflow.

For this head, the intake at .450" of lift, the CFM is 207.5.

In the equation, this is 207.5*.257*6 = 320HP

for the exhaust, it is 153.4*.257*6 = 236HP

this is theoretical and does not include losses from your intake or exhaust. but either way, it should show you that the 32mm head is not the limiting factor.

it is commonly accepted that exhaust flow can be in the neighborhood of 75% of intake flow, much as you have stated above with porting the exhaust to 36mm and leaving the exhaust at 32. but look at the numbers on the chart, you are already at the 75% ratio...

if you ported the heads, would you then move to bigger venturies and manifolds or a bigger MFI system? doing one without the other is futile. the most important thing is how you want to use the car/engine, ie low/mid range power or mid/high end power...

http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1200422591.jpg

I would tend to dis-agree with that rule of thumb that says that 200 HP is possible from 32 mm intake ports for 911 engines. I have yet to find a 911 engine with 32 mm intake ports that makes more then 160 HP. This applies to 2.0's through 2.7's. As far as M491's questions in general, I've pretty well summed up my thoughts on this thread.

Bobboloo 01-16-2008 10:01 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by 911pcars (Post 3706621)
Displacement. There is no substitute ..... unless it's force fed with air.

Sherwood

Sherwood makes a good point. Considering that you can get a new set of 90mm Mahle 2.7RS P+C's for $1950. The lower cost of the set will pay for the additional machine work needed for them compared to a new set of 2.2S P+C's.

If you look at the chart I posted above you'll notice that the torque curve of the RS motor is similar to the 2.4E. That's because the increase in displacement moves the peak torque of the S cam down to 5000 RPM but it has more power across the whole band.

An added plus is that you can run the car on regular and it'll still be faster than any of the 2.4 motors on premium.

Robs72T 01-16-2008 10:42 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by dafischer (Post 3706249)
Another possibility to save some $$ and still have a nice runner is to do what I did with my 2.4E. It was torn down for a top end job, and was found to need new pistons due to ring lands being out of spec. The guy (Fred Apgar) that did the engine for me recommended boring the cylinders out to 85mm, and going with 9.5:1 JE pistons.

The pistons and boring cost a little over $1,000, and I have to say the results are fantastic. It pulls like a freight train off idle to redline, and sounds marvelous. The downside? I had to switch to premium gas. Oh well, it costs $$ to go fast.

Oh, by the way, I'm running MFI.

Just something else to consider.


I agree.....

jluetjen 01-16-2008 10:59 AM

Another problem with the rule that you quoted...
Quote:

For this head, the intake at .450" of lift, the CFM is 207.5.

In the equation, this is 207.5*.257*6 = 320HP

for the exhaust, it is 153.4*.257*6 = 236HP
The calculations would suggest that it's the exhaust that's limiting your HP, which isn't the case. The thing that limits a stock 911's head flow is the intake flow, which your equation suggests should be good for 320 HP. I also find it curious that the calculation doesn't have a term for the number of cylinders in an engine. A hypothetical 12 cylinder engine with these heads (a street 917 motor???) should make about 2x the HP of a 6 cylinder with these heads, but the formula doesn't reflect that.

Was the flow chart that you posted from a stock 2.2E head or a ported 2.2E head? The reason that I ask is because I plotted the flow against a bunch of other data that I have which I've collected from different sources. While it's generally not a given that head flow data from one flow bench will correlate with data from another, so far the data that I've collected seems pretty consistant. But the data that you posted (the light-blue line) is something altogether different.

http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1200510231.jpg

Specifically...

1) The 2.2E head that you have graphed flow awfully good at .1", in fact it flows better then all of the other heads, including the 3.3 liter turbo head which has a bigger 49 mm valve. If you look at the difference between the '66 head with it's small 39 mm valves, and the 2.2T head with it's substantially larger 46 mm intake valve, you can see that at low lifts the valve size has a lot to do with flow. Once the valve is well off the seat (~.2"), it's the port diameter combined with the valve size which seems to have the biggest impact on the flow. You can see this when you compare the 2.4TK head with it's small 30 mm ports to the 2.2T (32 mm ports) and the '66 head (32 mm ports). (Note that the Turbo data came from a different source the other heads. Never the less, it correlated really well.)

2) Above .2" in lift, the head in your data seemed to consistently draw about 40 CFM more then what should be an identical 2.2T head. :rolleyes:

This brings me to the other concern with the formula that you were using. It would seem to be very susceptible to "garbage in = garbage out". Flow benches are renowned for not correlating with each other. But an engine's HP won't change just because you bring your heads to a different flow bench to be tested. Curiously, the exhaust port flows listed on that sheet map very closely with the data on my spreadsheet, it's just the intake flows that seem suspect.

BTW -- do you know what the "explosion sleeve" is that is mentioned in the notes? Head flows can be greatly influenced by what the head is attached to. For example, was the head flowed while attached to a 911 cylinder or not? If the "explosion sleeve" is some sort of a bell-mouth, it could have a huge affect on the data compared to a cylinder. This is because the proximity of the cylinder wall to the valve can have a big impact on the flow.

Just my $0.02. SmileWavy

tobluforu 01-16-2008 12:51 PM

I'm no expert, but here's what I did which is very simple. Bored my 2.4 case for 2.7rs pistons. Added E cams and had the mfi pump recalibrated by gus at PFI. I did nothing to the stacks and heads, and kept the dizzy the same. I did a few other internal mods like chain tensioners, etc....
I run 87 pump gas and I dial timing in by sound and seat of the pants-what works for one car sometimes does not for others in regards to these old cars. In other words I advanced the crap out of timing. The car is fun as hell around town and does great at auto-x events.

Kevins911 01-16-2008 02:02 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by BK911 (Post 3706124)
2.4 crank and rods with:
2.4T pistons 7.5:1
2.4E pistons 8.0:1
2.4S pistons 8.5:1
2.2T pistons 8.6:1
2.2E pistons 9.1:1
2.2S pistons 9.6:1

Actual results may vary slightly.

A high compression 2.4E engine is an awesome engine. Several members have a similar engine. I had one in several early cars and was my alltime favorite.

2.2S pistons are actually 9.8:1, used with the 2.4 crank will probabily get you about 10.4:1CR. The 2.2T piston will get you somewhere near 9.1:1CR, but with the small valve pockets you might be limited to cam selection.

reddog928 01-16-2008 04:21 PM

How about a 71 T? Can the 2.4-2.7 crank and rods drop in w/o machining? Do any of you on the list have any experiences, either good/bad on modding the 71t 2.2?

Reddog928

zotman72 01-16-2008 06:49 PM

Several years ago, I built a MFI 2.4S up from my '72 2.4T engine. Did the porting, using S cams, stacks and pump. I am still quite pleased with my MFI 2.4S. Whoever said that an 2.4S motor is no fun below 5K really meant that the fun gets piled on above 5K. And I can burn cheap gas as its only at 8.5:1 but I live at high altitude. Swapping out to 2.2S pistons has crossed my mind but it is not really needed. YMMV

kucharskimb 01-17-2008 08:28 PM

John
The head was flowed by a friend that runs a race shop and is also the head engineer for Kobelco Superchargers.

http://www.dmpeinc.com/

Redline was his previous partnership before he went solo.

Anyway, I understand that flow benches are only a tool and are not a predictor of power. Every tuning website will tell you that flow benches and dynos can only help with tuning, and the only real test is on the track. That being said, I was able to come across the formula stated above with a few google searches. I thought I was being helpful. I'm sorry the data does not fit your spreadsheet. I do not know what the explosion sleeve is, as I was not present during the test. The heads are stock 2.2E heads.

When I got the head back from Darren, I asked if it would make 200Hp without porting it. He said yes. He pointed out that there was only one real dead spot in the exhaust port, but that was several years ago and I simply don't remember where he made his marks inside the port.

On to the claim of power up to 200hp... Please open the dyno sheets that I attached above and look at the power outputs. I think the max was 172 RWHP. Multiplying by 1.15 = 198 crank HP. Multiplying by 1/.85 or 1.17 = 202 crank HP.

Two years later (the second set of graphs on the LM-1 thread), the car made 165 RWHP with smaller venturies. This equals 190-193 Crank HP. I'm sorry if this engine makes too much power. In fact, you were on my original dyno post. You didn't like my numbers then. You still don't like my numbers. What gives?...

jluetjen 01-18-2008 06:11 AM

It's not that I "don't like" your numbers. I don't harbor any preferences for one piece of data over another. It's just when you have a large set of data which has a lot of consistency, and then you are presented with a new piece of data which is inconsistent the rest, the analytic in me asks "Why?". Why is the exception different from the rest? Is there something fundamentally different about it? Was it measured accurately?

When it comes to HP claims, I'm a skeptic if the claim doesn't fit within the known data. This is merely because 911 motors (and motors in general) are known commodities. 911 motors have been around for over 40 years. I've got a data set of over 50 different 911 configurations -- some factory spec and some not. In general the data hangs together real well, not matter if I'm talking TE's or RSR's. I've also got the overall numbers compared to a set of over 200 different race and performance engines. There's some overlap between the two sets of data in regards to the Porsche race engines and in general the two sets of data agree with each other in regards to valve flow capacity and BMEP's.

I'm not picking on you, it's just that you periodically pop up with these claims about how to make big HP based on your engine, and I just can't help to point out that your numbers lay way outside that entire set of data. My point is that there appears to be something different about your numbers. I don't know if it's a measurement methodology, secret fuel, special porting or just plain BS. To be honest, I'd rather not even venture a guess. Being intellectually curious though, I would be interested in understanding it.

Incidentally, when I plugged your data into my spreadsheet, this is what I found...
- Your peak HP RPM is about where I would expect it for an 2.4 engine with E cams.
- Your peak torque RPM is a little higher then what I would have expected given a 2.4 with 32 mm intake ports, but within normal variation.
- Your peak torque of 152 lb-ft off of the chart results in a BMEP of 158 psi (essentially the torque divided into the engine size so that engines of different capacity can be compared). So straight off the dyno the number are nuts-on with other 2.4s with E cams. If I apply the 15% drag factor for the transmission (152/.85) I come up with a peak torque number of 178.8 lb-ft. This bumps the BMEP up to 185 PSI which at least 5 PSI higher then every other E-cammed engine that I've seen, and about 18% higher then all of the other 2.4s' with E cams. That's curious...
- When I look at your peak HP BMEP on the other hand, the 202 HP number results in a BMEP of 180 PSI, as opposed to the other 2.4's with E cams which are consistently putting out 148 PSI. That's a big difference -- almost 22% more torque from your engine at peak RPMS! To put it differently, this would suggest that you're getting 22% more mixture into your cylinders at peak RPM, using the same port size, cams and valve size as other 2.4's.

The funny thing is that if I were to exclude the 15% transmission correction factor, your numbers would be nuts-on with the other engines. This would lead me to hypothesize that the the transmission losses are being double-counted. I believe that many dynos can explicitly measure transmission losses, and then calculate them into the numbers. Just looking at the numbers I would suspect that this was happening on the dyno used for your engine, and then you're making the correction a second time which results in the numbers being inflated.

As far as the port flow numbers, I listed my questions about those numbers earlier.

kucharskimb 01-19-2008 07:00 AM

John
Well stated.

Couple questions...

What is BMEP?

My engine runs about 9.6:1 compression. How does this info change your data? I believe the 2.4E was about 8.1:1...

I read through some discussion about the Dynojet 248C, which is what my car has been run on several times, in several locations. Each has been corrected to SAE numbers.
This one is from Rennlist:
http://tech.rennlist.com/performance/pdf/dynosexplainedDubovskyWeinerFerch.PDF

One thing it mentions, and it is something that I mentioned in my 2002 thread, is that a lightened flywheel can have an influence on a chassis dyno. Perhaps this is an additional factor that elevates the printed HP output.

I welcome further discussion. The data collection that you have for power output, is it all from chassis dynos, or from a mixture, plus factory data?

I will be going to a dyno day within the next month. If you have specific question that you would like me to ask before/during/after my runs, I would be happy to bring back the information to the board or to you personally.

jluetjen 01-19-2008 11:09 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by kucharskimb (Post 3713644)
John
Well stated.

Couple questions...

What is BMEP?

BMEP = Brake mean effective pressure.

BMEP at peak HP in PSI = (Peak Power * 13000)/(Capacity (liters) * (Peak Power RPM))

BMEP at peak torque in PSI =(Torque*150.8)/(Capacity (liters)*62)

Where do those equations come from? It all comes from the average pressure within the engine which is pushing on the pistons.

Torque = "Mean Effective Pressure" * displacement / ( pi * 4 * 12)

Note that the denominator is a constant (~150.8), so MEP * displacement correlates with torque. The more pressure you have in an engine, the more torque which is generated. This is why doing nothing else then bumping the CR on an engine will often increase the specific torque number, as well as basically bump the torque numbers up across the whole torque curve. This is why bumping a CR has less of an impact on the peak HP number generated then it does on "seat of the pants" acceleration across the engine's rev range. Alternatively, if you have two different sized engines which generate the same MEP, the larger engine will generate more torque. (duh! :rolleyes:)

If you want to do it from the HP, the equation is...

HP = mean cylinder pressure * (Stroke in ft) * (surface area of one piston) * (number of power strokes per minute) / (33,000 which is the number of lb-ft/min in 1 HP)

If you simplify the equation, you'll wind up with...

HP = ( MEP * displacement * RPM ) / 792,000

This makes sense since HP is nothing more then a certain amount of torque applied within a certain period of time.

Now MEP occurs within the cylinders and generally can't be measured directly without special equipment. However, you can back into it by knowing the brake HP or brake torque at the flywheel and rearranging the earlier equation. So the...

(B)MEP = HP * 792,000 / (displacement * RPM).

The short form is that once you know the BMEP of an engine, you can compare different engines of different sizes, or even which develop their HP at different engine speeds. In my database of engines, the engine which developed the lowest peak BMEP was the... (wait for it.... )

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Triumph TR8 at 101 PSI at peak HP, and 110 at peak torque :( - Not much of a surprise since this engine existed in the 70's with 2 valve heads, a single 2 bbl carb, poor fuel and low Compression ratios. The low BMEP also suggests that this engine might have considerable opportunities for tuning since it's so lightly stressed. Notice how the peak HP BMEP is always less then the peak torque BMEP. This is because the engine is actually working at it's peak at the peak torque engine speed. After that point it's all down hill for cylinder pressures as the intake charge can't keep up with the increasing engine and valve speeds. For a while the engine gains more in engine speed then it loses in cylinder pressures, so the HP continues to increase until the torque curve falls off the edge and HP starts to drop. This is also why detonation is a major issue near the peak torque engine speed, but rarely near the peak HP engine speed when cylinder pressures are actually lower!

The engine with the highest BMEP... (drum rolll!)

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The Nissan 2.0 liter Super Touring engine from the BTCC of a few years ago. The engine has a peak HP BMEP of 248 PSI and a peak torque BMEP of 252 PSI. Under the rules, the engine were limited to 2 liters and 8500 RPM, so the only way to squeeze out more HP was to increase the cylinder pressures. So the peak torque was developed at 7500 RPM and the peak HP at 8250 and the very narrow rev range was compensated for by a semi-automatic, very close ratio transaxle. As opposed to the street legal TR8, the super touring engine ran with modern, high-octane fuel, computer controlled injection and ignition and with 4 valve heads with compact combustion chambers.

Quote:

My engine runs about 9.6:1 compression. How does this info change your data? I believe the 2.4E was about 8.1:1...
It doesn't really change anything if I'm calculating the BMEP off of a dyno chart. Generally increasing the CR will increase cylinder pressures with the following caveats:
1) If the cylinder pressures peak too high (keep in mind that we've been talking about mean pressures as opposed to peak pressures), you'll get detonation and everything goes to hell in a hand-basket since the pressures won't be effectively turning the crank, and will be increasing temperatures, which increase pressures, etc.
2) If the increased CR compromises the combustion chamber design, it may not help. If you have a compact "penteroof" combustion chamber like most modern 4-valve engines (thank-you Keith Duckworth!), this isn't a major issue. If you have a great big "hemi" head like 911, the only way to increase the CR is to increase the piston dome,which actually makes the combustion chamber spread out more, which means that the flame front has further to travel in the same amount of time (near TDC), so you may wind up losing peak HP, or having detonation issues near the peak torque engine speed. I suspect this is why 911's seem to be somewhat unresponsive to CR changes

Quote:

I read through some discussion about the Dynojet 248C, which is what my car has been run on several times, in several locations. Each has been corrected to SAE numbers.
This one is from Rennlist:
http://tech.rennlist.com/performance/pdf/dynosexplainedDubovskyWeinerFerch.PDF

One thing it mentions, and it is something that I mentioned in my 2002 thread, is that a lightened flywheel can have an influence on a chassis dyno. Perhaps this is an additional factor that elevates the printed HP output.

I welcome further discussion. The data collection that you have for power output, is it all from chassis dynos, or from a mixture, plus factory data?
The data was collected was from published dyno numbers (in the case of the Nissan engine), data tables from R&T articles, Porsche factory manuals or internal data charts (Coventry Climax racing engines) or just published numbers found in Racetech Magazine or Race Car Engineering. There are also a few dyno results from people on this BBS.

Quote:

I will be going to a dyno day within the next month. If you have specific question that you would like me to ask before/during/after my runs, I would be happy to bring back the information to the board or to you personally.

mrbeverlyhills 01-19-2008 05:02 PM

Great around town good at the track
 
Years ago when he ran the best shop in LA Pete Zimmerman at Redline rebuilt my 1971 911t with E cams and an E P&C set from Mahle. It ran Webbers but was otherwise stock.
That car was just a treat to drive everyday in LA traffic and a blast on the open road, docile and well behaved but willing to fly right up to 7200 rpm which it did often as I was only 27 years old and got on it pretty much all the time. At a rough guess we felt it made between 160 and 170 HP.

I kept asking Pete during the rebuild if there wasn't more we could do. Walt, now at Competion Engineering, built the motor and they both told me to relax, this was the best setup for the car with everyday driving in mind and the occasional day out at Riverside. They even made me remove the cool looking Anza exhaust and replace it with stock.

I sometimes think we all act like the actress at the plastic surgeon getting new breasts; we opt for too big.

That car went to high and low desert, skiing, PCH and as I lived off of Mulholland it got battered everyday, about 15,000 miles a year. It started first time everytime and never once broke down. Probably the best Porsche I ever owned and I foolishly sold it for a new Euro Carrera in 84.

One thing became pretty evident: although few cars could keep up with it through the canyons those were pretty short bursts. At the track it was humilating to get out front early and then get passed as the brakes faded and cars with better suspension setups late braked and passed in the inside. Once you finish your motor you are only a 1/3 of the way ready for the track so build your motor with everyday street driving in mind and you will be MUCH happier and quite a bit wealthier too.

Or you can spend twice the money and sit in the car while it hunts for idle, lopes with too much cam, backfires on decel and won't start when hot. Your call.

Pete just loves these cars and posts over at Rennlist, why not ask him for some more details, he would be only too happy to help.


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