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My thought is that low "flywheel effect" is a contributing factor to good "throttle response". If you define "throttle response" as the ability of the engine to deliver an immediate response to throttle input, then all those things that have been mentioned contribute. IMO, it is the ability of the induction/injection system to provide optimized fuel, air and spark in an immediate manner consistent with best performance (not noise, pollution and fuel mileage) that best defines throttle response. This is why modern day cars bound for the US cannot provide the same level of throttle response as pre '74 models. IMO, MFI provides the best throttle response - it is immediate, linear and ultra-smooth. Electronic fuel management systems like MoTec are a close second. Carbs, even tricked out PMOs, although great, will not consistently provide the same level of throttle response as MFI or EFI because of their inherent design. Bosch DME systems can be tweaked to provide good throttle response. CIS is unfortunately a design that provides only medium response to throttle input. Now if you were to put someone that had been driving an early 80's Celica into an SC, they would probably think the Porsche had great throttle response - so everything is relative, as usual.
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