How do I install this stud/bolt thing? (pic)
 

I don't even know what it is called. All I know is that the short threaded end goes into the turbocharger, and the CAT flange fits over the other end and a copper nut holds the whole assembly together.

So, it is part of the exhaust.

To pull the old "studs" out I will use two nuts and back them out with a wrench.

When I put this back in, does it go hand tight? Do I put two nuts on it and crank it down? Do I put anti-seize on it (can anti-seize even handle the turbocharger temps)?

http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1161395905.jpg

Put two nuts on it, tighten one against the other, and then use that to bolt it in.

If it will thread in by hand until it bottoms out, great, there is no need to torque that stud down and will just make future removal that much tougher. I personally use loctite hi temp copper anti-seize (c5-A) which is good to 1800F. It helps to prevent some of the corrosion that makes these difficult to remove.