[kach22i]

CAPRONI NOVIPLANO—A FLYING CRUISE SHIP 1921
https://simanaitissays.com/2015/12/07/caproni-noviplano-a-flying-cruise-ship/

Later that month or on March 2 (records differ), the Noviplano with calculated ballast aboard left the water briefly for the first time. On a March 4 liftoff, it rose rapidly to an altitude of 60 ft., then pitched downward, finally hitting the water tail first. The Noviplano sustained heavy damage; Semprini and his flight engineers escaped unscathed......................

Modern analysis suggests the sandbags used for ballast may have slid backwards on liftoff, thus destroying the aircraft’s balance.