The word "compression" has several meanings. The TV program I watched on this topic 30 years ago spoke of compressing the volume to the maximum limits.
The TV commercials are no louder than the program, just that every little sound has been turned up to 10 so they are all high explosion loud.
Loud Commercials on TV
https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/loud-commercials-tv
Quote:
Do television commercial advertisements sometimes seem louder than the shows they accompany? TV stations are prohibited from boosting the average volume of commercials to levels beyond the programs they accompany.
FCC rules for loud TV commercials are based on the Commercial Advertisement Loudness Mitigation (CALM) Act.
Adjust your settings
If you are experiencing spikes in volume with both programming and commercials, you may be able to change the settings on your television or home theater system to help stabilize overall loudness. Many televisions and home theater systems have features to control loudness, such as automatic gain control, audio compression, or audio limiters, that can be turned on to provide a more consistent volume level across programs and commercials. These functions usually need to be activated through the equipment's "Set Up/Audio" menu.
Some commercials with louder and quieter moments may still seem "too loud" to some viewers, but are still in compliance because average volume is the rule
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I should note than when I've adjusted my TV per the FCC's suggestion above, movies are dull and lackluster, the exciting moments are not so exciting, and the darn commercials are not noticeably less annoying.
My experience as of late is that the commercial content is loudest seconds before the regular TV program comes on. Super annoying as just as I cannot take it anymore and go to lower the volume, the program comes on and I have to readjust mid-stream.