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Depends on the car, some of the newer ones may have more advanced and complicated electric stuff.
The old style is just 12V is run to the switch (normally open) in the steering wheel, and the output of that is connected to the horn.
The horn is just a speaker (coil of wire near a magnet, and connected to a diaphragm) with a spring to push it on one direction, then the coil is connected to what's basically a switch such that the spring pushes the speaker into the switch to turn it on, and when on the switch powers the coil such that it pushes the speaker in the opposite direction and turns off the switch (which then allows the spring to push it in the other direction).
This cycle causes it to oscillate and create noise.
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