You really need some additional context with these questions. Most EV owners don’t ever charge to 100%, or run the battery to 0% charge, so you’re never really charging in these extreme cases. I’ll explain a little more in the answers;
- What is the charging time?
This is dependent on the capacity of the battery in your car, and what you're using to charge. Tesla Model 3's come with 50kWh or 80 kWh batteries, Model Y's with a 75kWh battery, and the Model S and X come with a 100kWh battery. There are home charge stations available which charge at anything from 16 amps up to 80 amps on two-phase domestic supply (220V). These will provide between approximately 3kW to 19kW per hour. If you use the superchargers they work on high voltage 400VDC at 250 amps and typically add 90kW per hour. You can get an idea from this what a given model would take to use with a given charge station. In reality it's not a linear charge rate, and the final 20% or so from 80% up to 100% of the battery capacity takes much longer to charge than the first 20%. If you were in a situation where you wanted to drive further than a single charge would take you, it’s actually faster stopping and charging to between 50% and 80% twice, than stopping once and charging all the way to 100%. Even when charging at home we rarely charge to above 90%.
- What does it cost to charge it from low to full charge
This is also not straightforward as it depends on your electricity costs, and that can also depend on when you charge it. Charging off-peak is the cheapest rate and most EV drivers probably have their charge stations set to charge overnight on off-peak electricity. Given you know from above how much energy you're going to use, you can work out the cost based on whatever tariff your electricity is provided on. To fully charge I’d guess it would cost about $25 to $30 IF we didn’t have solar. In actuality, our home solar produces about as much energy throughout the year as we use, so our annual electricity bill is ~$120 for a year’s worth of monthly service charges.
- How long does it take to charge from low to full charge
As mentioned previously, we don't really charge more than 90%. Also, we charge it every night, so we're not ever charging from empty. My wife's commute is ~60 mile round trip, and our experience, similar to MysticLlama, is that we're probably going from 65% to 90% on each charge. That's going to charge within 90 minutes or so and cost about $4. Realistically it doesn’t really matter how long it takes when we charge overnight provided it’s charged by the time we need it. It is nice to get into a car with a ‘full tank’ every morning!
- What do replacement battery's cost and what is the life expectancy of the battery
These are good questions, and things we looked at before buying an EV. The pack degradation is dependent on the efficiency of the car's battery thermal management system. Most modern EV's manage this very well, so battery degradation is pretty minimal. I think ML's number is realistic, but I don’t think the deterioration in range is linear. More than likely the rate of deterioration slows down over time. There are several 2013 Model S's available with well over 100k miles, and range seems hardly affected. There are several places where I've read the design life of the batteries is in the range of 300k to 500k miles, but who knows? In terms of cost, there's an article I read which has an invoice for $16,550 for parts and labor to replace a battery on a Model 3. That’s with new replacement parts I’d imagine. If you were to get hold of a good condition used pack, or have a pack reconditioned, it should be less. Link here:
https://www.currentautomotive.com/how-much-does-a-tesla-model-3-battery-replacement-cost/
- What is the highway traveling distance
Again, it really depends on the size of the battery and how heavy your right foot is. The outside temperature also plays a significant role as the battery doesn't work as well in very low temperatures. Most of the longer range newer EV's can travel within 3% to 5% of their stated range at freeway speeds in summer. In winter that range may drop by as much as 20%. Again, it's probably unlikely most EV's would be driven this way, as you rarely charge to 100% or run the battery down to zero. Our common longest range trip would be a drive out for the day, park wherever it is we're going and charge while we're there, then drive home. I doubt we’d cover more than 300 miles in a day. We have never used a fast charger or been close to running out of range on a trip.
This is all based on current (excuse the pun) technology of course. Batteries are a huge area of development at the moment in terms of capacity, rate of charge, cost, and materials. Also, EV's aren't yet suitable as direct replacements for every vehicle with an internal combustion engine, or every use case. I’ll be honest, in addition to the ‘toys’ we have the EV and we have a gas/electric plug-in hybrid, so a long road trip is never going to be a problem.