the math they solve is the encryption of all the transactions
let's say you and me have an understanding, I give you and I Owe U for 100 bucks
well, that's easy , piece of paper, I , Stijn, owe U 100 bucks
But it has no meaning or relevance or reliability to anybody else.
Crypto sorts all that out, by having a system of fully encrypted and reliable transactions
Encryption is high end math, it's not 1+1
it's
32343434 x 34343434 to th 256h power and then some
That's the math part of it.. it's beyond human ability to process
So they need a metric ton worth of computers, crunching numbers 24/7
he who invests in the computers and energy to run em, gets rewarded by some crypto coins for his effort. But that only makes sense for as long as teh coins he gets go up in value. (they won't)