Here is a summary of the science:
https://www.workfront.com/blog/what-science-says-about-open-offices
Some time ago, my company tried an open office floor plan - briefly as it turned out.
In a technical environment when one has to concentrate on complex tasks, having someone else talking on the phone or having a brief "stand up" meeting behind you head is extraordinarily distracting.
Not only did the open office result in significantly reduced productivity, mistakes were made, and for class III medical devices that is just flat out no good.
As a boss, I also quickly realized that giving people their own space was a sign of respect for them and their work.
Since I left that company, I have heard that some a*hole Operations VP decided the entire office area would be the small cubicle (5 ft x 5 ft) low-wall approach - the cheapest cubicles available - unless one is middle management or above, and then one gets a palatial office.
Needless to say, putting people with Master's (and even PhD) degrees in Engineering & Biology and many years of experience in tiny cubicles didn't go very well, in addition to the obvious tensions between "haves" vs "have nots", resulting in a significant number of departures, which of course may have been the intent all along.