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Please note all the above comments pertain to air source heat pumps. Depending upon the age and model they will provide interior heat down to 5 or ten degrees below freezing.
For cold climates, a better option would be a ground source heat pump. Many refer to these as geothermal, but that is not strictly accurate.
With a ground source heat pump, you are using the ground and or water below as a heat source or sink. An open loop system typically uses a pair of wells as water sources. Water is extracted from one well, chilled to provide heat for the dwelling and returned to the other well. In summer time, heat removed from the air in the dwelling would be passed off to the water source.
A closed loop system would typically run a heat exchange loop either in a large well or in a trench system near the dwelling. The heat exchange fluid in closed loop systems would normally use a glycol mixture.
Hope this helps.
Les
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Best
Les
My train of thought has been replaced by a bumper car.
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