Astroturf is introduced in the Astrodome on April 8th 1966 when the Astros hosted the Dodgers.
The IAS machine¹ was the first electronic computer built at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey (June 10, 1952). It is sometimes called the von Neumann machine, since the paper describing its design was edited by John von Neumann², a mathematics professor at both Princeton University and the IAS. The 450 kg one-address machine was a 40-bit binary digital computer built from late 1945 until 1951 under his direction. The general organization is called von Neumann architecture³, even though it was both conceived and implemented by others. The memory was 1024 words (5 KB), it used 1,700 vacuum tubes, triode types 6J6, 5670, 5687, a few diodes type 6AL5, 150 pentodes to drive the memory CRTs, and 41 CRTs type 5CP1A, 40 used as Williams-Kilburn tubes⁴ for memory plus one more to visually monitor the state of a memory tube. Consuming 15,000 W of power, the machine was very fast for its time performing 16,000 additions/sec, 2,300 multiplications/sec, and was one of the first computers to mix programs and data in a single memory. von Neumann's paper, "First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC", whose premature distribution nullified the patent claims of EDVAC designers J.P.Eckert and J.Mauchly, allowed the plans for the IAS machine to be widely distributed for free to any schools or companies interested in computing machines, resulting in the worldwide construction of dozens of clones⁵ referred to as "IAS machines", it was a wildly successful implementation of the very first open-source computer hardware model, an important milestone in computer design.
