The Kikka prototype jet aircraft were the firsts of the type for Japan. Although the effort to embark on a design for jet fighters was inspired by the German firm Messerschmitt's successes with the Me 262 fighters, the Kikka design was created by Kazuo Ohno and Kenichi Matsumura from the ground up without German assistance, the only exception being the Ishikawajima Ne-20 powerplant which was based on the German BMW 003 axial flow turbojet engine.
The prototype conducted its first ground test on 30 Jun 1945, and in Jul 1945 it was disassembled for transport to Kisarazu Naval Airfield. On 7 Aug, it flew for the first time with Lieutenant Commander Susumu Takaoka in the cockpit. On 11 Aug, a second test flight was scheduled, but it came to a sudden end when rocket assisted take off (RATO) equipment caused the aircraft to crash into a drainage ditch. At this point, the second prototype was close to completion, while between 18 and 25 more examples were under construction.
The Kikka aircraft were designed to be high speed interceptors, but in the final weeks of the war, Japanese Navy leadership seriously considered to use them as special attack, ie. Kamikaze, weapons despite of their high production cost. As the war ended within days of the takeoff accident, none would see combat action. At least 3 of the under-construction Kikka aircraft were taken by the United States for further studies, and they were likely taken apart to form the partial frame currently on display at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum's Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, Virginia, United States.