[Hugh R]

Agree with Moses. I'd bet the average lifespan in the middle ages was under or around 30 with close to a 25% infant mortality rate. I didn't bother to look it up, just a guess. Where it not for modern science, I wouldn't have lived child birth (one of three live triplets born in 1954, weighed 2 lbs, 8 oz). Add in hernia, appendicitis, and right orchectomy (look it up) and loss of a number of feet of large and small intestine from a serious bicycle/taxi accident. I should be dead about five times over.