eeer no , most 5.25 inch floppies used a flat connector rather then a AT pin style connector
Maybe if you are lucky , you could find a USB floppy drive, open it up, and find a 40 pin cable connector on the floppy, but i seriously doubt it, as most are made with laptop internals... eg flat pcb cables, not fat AT style cables......
And most bios'es on modern computers, won't know what to do with a 5.25...
Best bet is to find somebody who has some old pc that still sort of works, maybe a 386
hook up a 5.25 inch, try to copy the stuff to hard disk, then try to attach that harddisk to a modern computer ( perhaps via external USB hard drive enclosure)