[RWebb]

True, they coexisted for longer than that.

But Jeff is correct that mgmt. is needed if you have modern* humans in the mix; also to adjust levels where humans want them (i.e. more elk, fewer wolves).

The states will be able to manage w/o interference once the wolves are no longer in danger of extinction. Or clearly no longer in danger, depending on your politics.


* Many many species of large mammals (incl. horse & camels) went extinct just after Neolithic hunters moved in to N. America ('proto-indians') so "modern" can extend further than you think. Probably Paleolithic technology would have been up to the mass extinction also. OTOH, Africa had no such events, so if you evolve while humans are evolving, you can stick around.


For the next PARF wildlife controversy, I suggest feral horses.