Still in training but I will answer some questions.
A work apron seems to be ubiquitous. Safety shoes is not that needed but it would depend on the shop rules. I am one of the only students in my class that wear them. I like my toes. Big yes on safety glasses.
The tools are quite diverse. A magnetic bit screwdriver set, small hammer and a punch set gets a lot of use. A fileset (large and needle) gets a lot of use as well. A wood rasp or sanding block when working on stocks.
No licensing requirements (outside of what we need to abide by for ATF rules). There is a few good schools. Look at the program at our school:
https://www.montgomery.edu/ for starters. There is also a few schools in CO and one in CA (Lassen). There is also a school in Belgium but I do not have any info on them.
Will post anything else I can think of.