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on the jets i taught on, ice never accreted on critical areas. the system used ultra-sonically vibrating probes that would detect changes in frequency (the slightest amount of ice buildup) to control the heat system. the wings, tail, and engine inlets were heated when necessary. the drains were heated when the engines were running. however, icing that is intense enough that the AI or DI systems cannot cope with it is the definition of "severe icing"
that being said, turbo-props, older planes, etc all follow the rules that the avi8torny mentioned. i flew turbo props that had boots, and yes...we would have to wait for the ice to build before we busted it off. the pax would get frightened when they heard the ice flying off the wings and smashing into the side of the fuselage. for me, that was a comforting sound.
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-mike
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