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a manufacturer requests a certain UPC code range. then that manufacturer is responsible for tagging their items with UPC
1st digit is case container size indicator
digits 2-7 are the mfgr code. (1 mfgr can have multiple sets of these)
digits 8-13 is product code
digit 14 is checksum
6 digits for mfgr's mean there can be just under a million unique manufacturers
6 digits per mfgr for 1mil products/mfgr code.
1 trillion total combinations
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