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It has been a few years since my physiology of the eye class but if I remember correctly it is caused by high intraocular pressure. The pressure in the eye causes damage to the optic nerve. Additionally high intraocular pressure is directly related to high blood pressure. The high intraocular pressure can also lead to the lens becoming opaque, ie cataract.
There are some eye injuries that can cause it as well. Hyphema comes to mind.....that is about all I can remember. Great class though. Dr. Richard Ball was the prof at Michigan State.
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Mike
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