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If the rocker covers were dry that's real bad. You say the motor was run like that for a while? The damage from lack of lubricating oil will damage the valve train and cams real fast. If thats really the situation then the top end will need to be removed and repaired.
The cam spray bar on each side has 3 oil holes per cylinder and one of them for each cylinder sprays oil straight up so the oil from it splashes off the inside of the upper cover and splatters all over in there to lubricate all the moving parts and carry away heat. The other two spray bar holes for each cylinder spray oil directly towards the cam lobes and rocker arms.
Oil also goes through passageways in the cam tower to lubricate the cam journals.
The inside of the upper covers should be getting wet with oil sprayed up at them as soon as oil pressure is developed. Oil pressure usually builds up between 1 to 2 seconds of the starter motor being turned over with a good battery.
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