Centrifuges only work when the density of the solid is significantly heavier than the medium it is in (air).
Gonna hafta filter. BTW, water is a very efficient and CHEEEEEP filter media.
Get a good sized blower, hook up the suction to a 55 gallon drum half full of water, then run another duct from the drum to the work space. One of em will have to go below the water line
Think giant BONG!
The dust and lint and crap will get suspended in the water, which will hafta be replaced periodically. Just don't drink the BONG water