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There will. Just using your example... doubling the horsepower of an engine. More power can be achieved with higher rpm. Same parts now moving greater distances in the same amount of time, equals more friction. In order to make those parts live at the higher rpm means for one, greater valve spring pressures, this puts more stress on rocker arms, pushrods, lifters, cam lobes, etc. more pressure equals more friction. Now you have Pistons rocking in their bores at a higher rate yep, more friction. Now the crank is moving around in its journals more creating more friction.
Or another way to take your engine and make it double its Hp. Make it larger. Now the larger pistons, possibly traveling further in their bores, actuating larger valves, etc. More surface area, more friction.
Forced induction? More pressure on the same components, more friction. The internal combustion engine is very inefficient because it looses so much to friction. The heat generated in an engine isn't from combustion alone. It's friction. Work it harder i.e. more hp, that means more heat, from more friction.
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