[Walt Fricke]

Well, something new comes up all the time. Porsche's studs have the same flat end on each end, as well as the same thread, so there is no endedness to them. The ARP studs have the same thread on each end, so they could be put in either way as far as that is concerned. Henry's studs have no domes. The ARPs have quite a bit more thread on the non-domed end than on the domed end, and it makes sense that you would benefit from more thread engagement in an aluminum or mag case than on the head nuts, which are engaged full thickness anyway. And one reads instructions which say things like don't bottom studs - use a locking compound if worried they may be unscrewed when it comes time to remove the nut. So I'm not quite buying this. Maybe someone could talk with an ARP engineer to see why they put that dome on there, and which end is supposed to be which. I have ARPs in one engine, but someone else built it originally, and I just rebuilt it to freshen up the bearings so didn't remove the studs. The builder was an engineer - an ME, I think, but worked for an airplane manufacturer.