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Left Chief America Horse Right Chief Red Cloud.. Sioux, broad alliance of North American Indian peoples who spoke three related languages within the Siouan language family. The name Sioux is an abbreviation of Nadouessioux (“Adders”; i.e., enemies), a name originally applied to them by the Ojibwa. The Santee, also known as the Eastern Sioux, were Dakota speakers and comprised the Mdewkanton, Wahpeton, Wahpekute, and Sisseton. The Yankton, who spoke Nakota, included the Yankton and Yanktonai. The Teton, also referred to as the Western Sioux, spoke Lakota and had seven divisions—the Sihasapa, or Blackfoot; Brulé (Upper and Lower); Hunkpapa; Miniconjou; Oglala; Sans Arcs; and Oohenonpa, or Two-Kettle. Before the middle of the 17th century, the Santee Sioux lived in the area around Lake Superior, where they gathered wild rice and other foods, hunted deer and buffalo, and speared fish from canoes. Prolonged and continual warfare with the Ojibwa to their east drove the Santee into what is now southern and western Minnesota, at that time the territory of the agricultural Teton and Yankton. In turn, the Santee forced these two groups from Minnesota into what are now North and South Dakota. Horses were becoming common on the Plains during this period, and the Teton and Yankton abandoned agriculture in favour of an economy centred on the nomadic hunting of bison. Traditionally the Teton and Yankton shared many cultural characteristics with other nomadic Plains Indian societies. They lived in tepees, wore clothing made from leather, suede, or fur, and traded buffalo products for corn (maize) produced by the farming tribes of the Plains. The Sioux also raided those tribes frequently, particularly the Mandan, Arikara, Hidatsa, and Pawnee, actions that eventually drove the agriculturists to ally themselves with the U.S. military against the Sioux tribes.Sioux men acquired status by performing brave deeds in warfare; horses and scalps obtained in a raid were evidence of valour. Sioux women were skilled at porcupine-quill and bead embroidery, favouring geometric designs; they also produced prodigious numbers of processed bison hides during the 19th century, when the trade value of these “buffalo robes” increased dramatically. Community policing was performed by men’s military societies, the most significant duty of which was to oversee the buffalo hunt. Women’s societies generally focused on fertility, healing, and the overall well-being of the group. Other societies focused on ritual dance and shamanism.Religion was an integral part of all aspects of Sioux life, as it was for all Native American peoples. The Sioux recognized four powers as presiding over the universe, and each power in turn was divided into hierarchies of four. The buffalo had a prominent place in all Sioux rituals. Among the Teton and Santee the bear was also a symbolically important animal; bear power obtained in a vision was regarded as curative, and some groups enacted a ceremonial bear hunt to protect warriors before their departure on a raid. Warfare and supernaturalism were closely connected, to the extent that designs suggested in mystical visions were painted on war shields to protect the bearers from their enemies. The annual Sun Dance was the most important religious event.Having suffered from the encroachment of the Ojibwa, the Sioux were extremely resistant to incursions upon their new territory. Teton and Yankton territory included the vast area between the Missouri River and the Teton Mountains and between the Platte River on the south and the Yellowstone River on the north—i.e., all or parts of the present-day states of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, and Wyoming. This territory was increasingly broached as the colonial frontier moved westward past the Mississippi River in the mid-19th century. The California Gold Rush of 1849 opened a floodgate of travelers, and many Sioux became incensed by the U.S. government’s attempt to establish the Bozeman Trail and other routes through the tribes’ sovereign lands http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1672149398.jpg The physical change of the Roman emperor Nero as seen on the coins issued during his reign http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1672149398.jpg Eighteenth-century French-Canadian fur traders called this tribe the Nez Percé ("pierced nose"). The tribe, which originally called itself the Niimíipu, eventually adopted the French name. In 1877, the Nez Percé split into two groups: Those willing to relocate to a reservation and those who refused. Led by Chief Joseph, nearly 3,000 Nez Percé tried to flee to Canada in June 1877, but the U.S. Army pursued and forced them to surrender in October. Today, their reservation is located in central Idaho. A Nez Percé man named Three Eagles. 1910. Edward Curtis/Library of Congress http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1672149398.jpg http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1672149398.jpg http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1672149398.jpg |
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This is the oldest wooden staircase discovered to date in Europe, maybe even in the world. This 3100-year-old wooden staircase was found at Hallstatt salt mine in northern Austria, it's 8 m long and 1.20 wide, and is representative of the construction typical of the Bronze Age. It does not conform to OSHA or modern safety standards at all! http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1672174186.jpg Continental Four-barrel Flintlock Pistol, c. late 18th century, iron butt and frame engraved with foliate designs, four rifled barrels, two hammers, and four steels. http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1672174186.jpg http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1672174186.jpg American inventor Harry L. Bowdoin and his creation "submarine armor" with car headlights on each arm on August 17, 1931. It took Bowdoin 12 years to build and perfect the suit, which in the end weighed 1,400 pounds and was all too often described in the press as a "robot." http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1672174186.jpg A boxing match on board the USS Oregon in 1897 http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1672174346.jpg |
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‘Siberian unicorn’ once roamed among humans, surviving in Eastern Europe and western Asia until at least 39,000 years ago, around the same time of Neanderthals and early modern humans. http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1672174416.jpg http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1672174416.jpg Methane bubbles trapped in a frozen Abraham Lake at sunrise in Alberta, Canada http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1672174416.jpg http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1672174416.jpg http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1672174416.jpg |
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In our cars, we call it "Tookis toast". Best Les |
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The Chrysler A57 Multibank is a 30-cylinder 1,253 cu in (20.5 L) engine that was created in 1941 as America entered World War II. It consists of five banks of inline-6 cylinder engines. It was born out of the necessity for a rear-mounted tank engine to be developed and produced in the shortest time possible for use in the M3A4 Lee medium tank and its successor M4A4 Sherman medium tank. Each had lengthened hulls to accommodate the A57. http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1672249671.jpg http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1672249671.jpg http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1672249671.jpg http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1672249671.jpg 1929 Cord L-29 Special Convertible Coupe with luggage about to be loaded for its owner's trip to Europe http://forums.pelicanparts.com/uploa...1672249671.jpg |
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' Troopy ' built for someone differently-abled
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‘Siberian unicorn’ once roamed among humans, surviving in Eastern Europe and western Asia until at least 39,000 years ago, around the same time of Neanderthals and early modern humans. The 10th Century Arab traveller Ibn Fadlan produced the following account: "Near this river (the Volga) is a vast wilderness wherein they say is an animal that is less than a camel and more like a bull in size. Its head is like the head of a camel, and its tail is like the tail of a bull, while its body is like the body of a mule, and its hooves are like the cloven hooves of a bull. In the centre of its head, it has a thick round horn, which as it rises from the head of the animal gets to be thinner until it becomes like the point of a lance. The length of some of these horns is from three to five cubits, and there are those that may attain to a greater or lesser length. The animal grazes on the leaves of trees, which are quite green. When it sees a horseman, it makes straight for him, and if he happens to have under him a fast horse, he is rendered safe from it with some effort. If it overtakes him, it removes him from the back of his horse with its horn, hurls him into the air, and then catches him with its horn. It continues in this manner until it kills him. It does not bother the horse in any form or manner. They seek out this animal in the forests in order to kill it. They do that by climbing the tall trees among which it is found, and with this object in mind, they assemble a number of archers with poisoned arrows. When it stands in their midst, they shoot at it until it is severely wounded and killed by them. I saw in the king's house three large bowls which looked like [they were made of] the onyx of Yemen. The king informed me that it was made from the base of the horn of the animal. Some of the people of the country told me that it was a rhinoceros." 1. 1. Ibn Faḍlān, Ahmad; Richard N. Frye (October 2005). Ibn Fadlan's Journey to Russia: A Tenth-century Traveller from Baghdad to the Volga River. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-55876-366-1. |
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^^^THAT is pretty spectacular!!! if you're going to blow it up, do it all the way.........
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